| ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠵᠢᠩᠯᠢᠩ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠯᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠨᠳᠤᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠶ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠵᠢᠩᠯᠢᠩ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠤᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ | ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 1451 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠶ ᠶᠢ | ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠲ᠋ᠤᠫᠠᠨᠢᠬᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 1174 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ 277 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ — ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠨᠠ︔ ᠵᠢᠩᠯᠢᠩ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠶ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠮᠠᠨᠬᠥ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ | ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣ ︽ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠤᠷᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠨᠾᠧ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠯᠢᠩ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠ | ᠬᠠᠪᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠴᠡᠨᠢ 1252 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠬᠥ᠋ᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠴᠡᠨᠢ | 1110 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ 150 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠪ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠴᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ 700 ~ 1300 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ | ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠴᠢᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 1000 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠤᠺᠤᠷᠢᠳᠦᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠣᠭᠰᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠦ᠋ᠩᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 1530 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠂ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ | ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠨᠡ | ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠂ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 1421 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ︔ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠢᠩ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠴᠡᠨᠢ 1451 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠃ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠳᠡᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ 1000 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ 700 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠶ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ | ᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠥᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠶ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢᠬᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠳᠦᠷᠢ ᠲᠥᠷᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠷᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠩᠬᠡᠶ | ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠡᠶ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠭᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠡᠳ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠥᠨᠳᠡᠶ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠮ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠥᠨᠳᠥᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠨᠢ 100 ~ 300 ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ |