| 1. ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ | ᠲᠣᠰ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠰᠣᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠶᠦᠬᠡᠨ | ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠡᠮᠬᠢ ᠵᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠵᠲ᠋ᠡᠯᠡᠷᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠣᠴᠣᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠵᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ | ᠢᠯᠵᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠬᠦᠰᠢᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠠᠳ | ᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠡᠬᠦ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠥᠬᠦ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠯᠴᠠᠷᠠᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠮᠧᠬᠠᠨᠢᠭ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠰᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠭᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ | ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠲᠦ᠋ᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠂ | ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠢᠭ᠋ ᠣᠷᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭᠲᠦ ᠲᠤᠰᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠥᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠢ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠭᠦᠰᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠢᠶᠡᠳᠡ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠳᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠷᠢᠲᠠᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ᠂ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡ | ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠲᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠢᠷᠮᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠰᠤᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠨ | ᠢᠯᠲᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠦᠶᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠡᠩ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠪᠤ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠢᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠭ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠥᠩᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠮᠥᠬᠦᠯᠢᠭᠲᠦ | ᠲᠤᠰᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠳᠡᠰᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠦᠬᠦᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ | ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | 2. ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ | ︵1︶ ᠣᠷᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠵᠦ | ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ | ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵2︶ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠰᠥ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠰᠠᠬᠠᠨᠠ᠃ | | ︵3︶ ᠵᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠪᠴᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠯᠬᠢ ᠨᠡᠪᠲᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ | ᠲᠣᠰᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠃ | ︵4︶ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠡᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠹᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ 1 | ᠬᠤᠪᠢ᠂ ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠬᠠ 1 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ᠂ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠯᠼ 2 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ᠂ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠾᠧᠺᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ | 15~30 ᠭᠢᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠷᠡᠮ ᠬᠤᠯᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠬᠠ ᠰᠠᠴᠤᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ︵5︶ ᠡᠮ ᠰᠦᠷᠴᠢᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠩᠬᠠ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠮ ᠰᠦᠷᠴᠢᠨᠡ᠂ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠭᠡᠳ 10 — 15 | ᠡᠲᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ 1 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠦᠷᠴᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 3 — 5 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠦᠷᠴᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠦᠵᠦᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠯᠵᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ | ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠮ ᠪᠣᠯ 50% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠹᠧᠷᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠭᠳᠦᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠬᠠ 500 ~ 800 ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠃ 70% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠢᠼᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠩᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ | ᠴᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠭᠳᠦᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠯᠬᠠ 600~800 ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ᠃ 50% ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠲᠧ ᠴᠢᠭᠢᠭᠳᠦᠮᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠯᠬᠠ 800~1000 ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠨ | ᠠᠭᠤᠰᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ |